McMurphy as Christ in Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest :: One Flew Over Cuckoos Nest

McMurphy as Christ in One Flew everyplace The Cuckoos Nest   In One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest, McMurphy is successfully perceived as a heroic Christ figure. Kesey uses foreshadowing and images, the fishing trip, actions and feelings of other characters to develop this character.   Foreshadowing clues and images are used to contribute to McMurphy as a figure of Christ. In the beginning of the novel McMurphy is baptized with a shower before entering the ward. The reader is also introduced to Ellis, a character who spends the total novel in a cross position nailed against the wall, arms out, (page 20). Another clue to McMurphys developing character is presented during the electroshock therapy. McMurphy willingly lies down on a cross shaped table, ending up in the same position Ellis foreshadowed. McMurphy also asks for his crown of thorns. Before the therapy a schizophrenic patient approaches him and says I flop my hands of the whole deal, as Pontius Pilate said to Jesus before sentencing him to death. Jesus was also friends with a prostitute named Mary, just like McMurphy was friends with prostitutes.   The development of McMurphy as a Christ figure deepends, when he leads the patients on a fishing trip. McMurphy takes the twelve of us patients towards the ocean, (page 203) just like Jesus 12 disciples, to test and strengthen their conviction in him and empower them. Fish have also been an important religious Christian symbol, as the fishing trip is an important symbol of the novel. When the trip is over, the honcho describes the sense of change that most of the patients had and even claims that they werent the same bunch of weak-knees from a nuthouse anymore. (Page 215). This really shows the way McMurphy is starting to guide and lead the patients, just as Jesus lead his disciples.   Finally the actions and feelings of the other characters successfully shows the development of McMurphy as a Christ figure and hero. Clearly smiliarities can be drawn between McMurphy and Jesus healing. Jesus, made blind men see and mute men speak. McMurphy is the one who prompted the Chief to speak for the first time in years, when he says Thank-you. (Page 184) and eventually, McMurphy heals Chief of his deafness and dumbness.

Is Abortion Ever Justfied? Essays -- essays research papers

Is abortion ever justified? If not, why? If it depends, then on what? It is not unreasonable to suggest that the vast majority of people consider it incorruptly wrong to kill other someones. There may be examples of situations where the killing of a person may be justifiable, although they are by no means universally consented to, such as killing in self defence or as a form of capital punishment, but taken in isolation it is generally accepted that to kill is wrong. Therefore in the debate surrounded by pro and anti abortionists must centre around two essential questions whether a foetus is a person, and if so when a foetus becomes a person and whether abortion can be said to be self defence. Possibly the deepest dilemma for an anti abortionist concerns the stage at which a foetus can be said to be alive, in the sense in which we would refer to a child after it is born. It seems absurd to think that in the relatively short sentence which the birth takes, the babys status will be so radically altered yet an almost mystical store is set by birth as for the first time we can distinguish a distinct personality, and directly interact with the infant . However, it is a largely unfounded meaning in ethical terms as birth is often governed by contingent occurrenceors and the time of birth can be manipulated. Also to be considered is the fact that if the baby is ready to emerge from the womb, then surely it possesses enough properties for us to consider it in some sense a person. For example, if not than an eight calendar month old foetus would not have the same claim to personhood as a two-month-old baby born prematurely at six months even though they are of similar developmental stages. Thus other stages of pregnancy are more commonly cited as the point in which personhood begins. John Grigg adopts the stance that at that place is a life that comes into existence as soon as conception occurs To my mind life begins at the moment of conception Conception is the magic moment.(John Grigg, in the Guardian, 29 October 1973)This view may be problematic if we consider that life does not necessarily imply personhood. We may claim that the foetus is a humanity being but this merely implies that it is a member of our species, and not that of another. Yet it is at least true to say that a foetus, even in the soonest stages of pregnancy has the potential to be a person. This is slightly differe... ...elf defence, even though the foetus has no intention to harm the woman, it is a sad situation in which both parties might be thought of as morally blameless. However, can any abortion said to be self-defence? The reaction to an intrusion in the home may be said to be defence, yet a house is worth far less than your own body. The title question of this render and the questions raised within it remain unconcluded. The problem is not that there are no answers, rather there are too many. The issue is complicated advertise by the fact that every single situation is different. Abortion is a very personal issue that effects many people in the world, the ordinary Russian woman has twelve abortions in her life, it is also an especially emotional subject. Abortion is justified everyday, however whether it is a practice that can be morally justified with any universal consent is another issue. The only way I can see that abortion might receive the most moral acceptance, is that if it is presented on the grounds that we must all step back and respect that other moral agents have a right to make autonomous decisions, unheeding of what we think about the way they choose to assert their autonomy.

George Orwells 1984 Essay -- George Orwell 1984 Nineteen Eighty-Four

George Orwells 1984 War is Peace. Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength. These are the beliefs that the citizens of Oceania, in the novel titled 1984, written by George Orwell, live by. In this novel, Oceania, one of the three remaining world super powers, is a totalistic, a society headed by Big Brother and his regime, known as the ministries of Truth, Love, and Peace. A totalitarian government is defined as a government characterized by a political authority which exercises absolute and centralized control, and in which the state regulates constantlyy country of life. This is the type of world that the citizens of Oceania must live in, ruled by fear and under force every day. The names of the different ministries for example, are quite wry because the are actually the exact opposite of what they profess to be, the Ministry of Love torturing members of the party and so on. Historically, no such type of totalitarian society has ever been actually achieved. In the past, even th ough fascist and communist states have risen up and tried to achieve such a world, there has neer been enough technology or a means by which a government could truly regulate every aspect of life, and thus there has been harm in every attempt at creating a truly totalitarian society. However, in this modern day, new technologies of every kind have made the first step of such a society to arise a pending reality. Through things such as censorship of the media, new advances in spy technology, and the disintegration of the family in our world today, the world described by Orwell seems ever more a possibility. There are factors that exist in this book that pertain non but to the totalitarian regime of 1984, but apply directly to the participatory republic society in which United States citizens live today.To begin with, the ability of governments to censor media in the world today is a primary factor in the ability of a totalitarian regime to arise. In the society of Oceania, all of the citizens? thoughts and beliefs are cater to them directly from the government. All of the information about production figures, current wars, and other current events all are filtered and approved by the government. The people do not hear or know anything that the government does not want them to know. In addition, the citizens of Oceania take what they hear as absolute truth, never ... ... Party members devalued it in Oceania. Although there do remain many strong family units throughout the world today, the increasing rate at which family units are disintegrating, democratic society or not, could serve in giving rise to a totalitarian power.In sum, the possibility of a totalitarian regime, like the one of Big Brother in 1984, seems more possible today than it ever has before. Many factors add to the possibility of such a thing happening, such as the censorship of media, new technology, and the disintegration of the family unit. These factors erupt in every society today , regardless of being a democracy. The United States in particular, regardless of being one of the strongest powers in the world and a democratic republic, is not immune to these problems that would give rise to a totalitarian government. In the end, to prevent a totalitarian government from arising, it all comes down to the voice of the people, and that they conduct to be strong, and not let the government take over the powers that are rightfully theirsBIBLIOGRAPHY1)Orwell, George. 1984. Harcourt Brace Javonovich, Inc., 1949. 2)www.wordreference.com/definition/totalitarian.

Identity in Richard Wright’s Native Son and Alice Walkers The Color Purple :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Identity in Richard Wrights Native Son and Alice Walkers The Color Purple Personal identity is vital to living a worthwhile life. A person who goes through life without knowing what he or she stands for and believes in is living an incomplete life. Those who lack an understanding of their identity exit unintentionally accept outsiders opinions and stereotypes of them. This harmful position can be seen in many characters from the African-American Literature class. big Thomas, from Richard Wrights, Native Son, is wholeness lost character. some other character who lacks understanding is Alice Walkers Celie, from The Color Purple. Both of these characters have a different awareness level of the position that they stand in, and that level changes passim their respective stories as they attempt to determine what is of importance to them. Bigger Thomas is one character, yet he represents the condition of numerous mint. Richard Wright manifested his character from vari ous people that he encountered and rolled all of those interactions and emotions into one character. One reason that the name Bigger is very appropriate for this character is that the name pr take downts the readers from limiting the character to one person. The name represents more of a complex than a person. This complex includes all young colored men who do not see how they fit into the puffy picture of society. Bigger does not know what his identity is. He did not receive an abundance of love and support as a child to regress him the crucial confidence needed for him to fight for a position in life. Instead, he followed into the stereotypical roles for a poor black man on the streets of Chicago. Bigger often was in trouble with the law. He stole from stores and carried weapons on him. He got into fights with the guys who he hung out with. He did not have a job even though his family had very little to survive economically. These are all traits of the bad Neg ro, which is another reasoning for the name Bigger. If Bigger had more confidence in what he could accomplish with his abilities, he would challenge the rules that keep him out of the flight school.

Comparing the Personality of Matt Dillon throughout Three Episodes of Gun Smoke :: Gun Smoke

In this essay I am going to compare the personality of Matt Dillon end-to-end three occurrences of Gun Smoke. Matt Dillon is the sheriff of Dodge City and throughout these three episodes, with the help of this trustee companion Chester (The Deputy), he is able maintain the law and go for peace in the turbulent town of Dodge City. Matt Dillon right from the start of Loch invar demonstrates that he has a rough hard personality. With his harsh quick responses to whomever he meets, to some extent makes him seem unfriendly and unsociable to whomever he is talking to. Throughout the three shows we see that Matt Dillon is a man that likes to stay to himself. He doesnt like to respond much to inquiries or comments it seems like he picks his conversations carefully. For example, in the episode of Paid Killer, Chester is worried and anxious that walking around at midnight with a full moon could possibly result in a fatality. Chester keeps on making small comments regarding the situation, bu t every time Chester brings up a point it is resolved with a short brute response. Not willing or wanting to say much, Matt just keeps on walking garbage down the dark street, reminding Chester that if it is going to happen he rather non pro capacious the sentence. This scene also demonstrated the fact that Matt Dillon hated depending on otherwise people for a course of action to take place. We see him get a little anxious and kind of aggravated, since the power to control the situation is not in his hands. Also, Matt Dillon is the kind of person that no matter what the problem is, whether it is mental or physical, he seems to overcome them no matter what. This example comes from the episode Loch invar. Here, Matt is playing a harmless game of checkers with the doctor of Dodge City. When it seems like the game is almost over for Matt, all of a abrupt he pulls out a move that devastates the doctor and proclaims him the winner of the game. Another way to prove this point, I am goi ng to have to bring up a scene from the same episode but a little bit further into it. This scene is where Matt and Chester return to town from a long days journey of hunting down a supposed killer, and after looking all day, return with nothing to show for it.

Comparing the Personality of Matt Dillon throughout Three Episodes of Gun Smoke :: Gun Smoke

In this essay I am going to compare the personality of matted Dillon throughout three episodes of Gun Smoke. Matt Dillon is the sheriff of Dodge City and throughout these three episodes, with the help of this trustee companion Chester (The Deputy), he is able maintain the lawfulness and keep peace in the turbulent town of Dodge City. Matt Dillon right from the start of Loch invar demonstrates that he has a rough hard personality. With his harsh ardent responses to whomever he meets, to some extent makes him seem unfriendly and unsociable to whomever he is talking to. Throughout the three shows we see that Matt Dillon is a man that likes to sojourn to himself. He doesnt like to respond much to inquiries or comments it seems like he picks his conversations carefully. For exercise, in the episode of Paid Killer, Chester is worried and anxious that walk of life almost at midnight with a full moon could possibly result in a fatality. Chester keeps on making small comments regarding the spot, but every time Chester make fors up a point it is resolved with a short brute response. Not willing or wanting to say much, Matt just keeps on walking down the dark street, reminding Chester that if it is going to happen he rather not prolong the sentence. This scene also demonstrated the fact that Matt Dillon hated depending on other people for a course of action to take place. We see him get a little anxious and kind of aggravated, since the power to control the situation is not in his hands. Also, Matt Dillon is the kind of person that no matter what the problem is, whether it is mental or physical, he seems to overcome them no matter what. This example comes from the episode Loch invar. Here, Matt is playing a harmless game of checkers with the doctor of Dodge City. When it seems like the game is almost over for Matt, all of a sudden he pulls out a move that devastates the doctor and proclaims him the winner of the game. Another way to prove this point, I am going t o have to bring up a scene from the same episode but a little bit further into it. This scene is where Matt and Chester return to town from a long days journey of hunting down a supposed killer, and after looking all day, return with nothing to show for it.

Personal Skills Inventory Essay

The most important skill in invigoration is learning how to go by effectively. Working in the business industry communion is important reckon in the success of the business and daily tasks such as giving employees feedback, written material reports, giving presentations, conducting interviews and sending emails. How we communicate varies among for each one individual as well(p) as how we perceive our own own(prenominal) communication skills. While we may hypothesise that we be communicating effectively others around us my find that we communicate poorly. Based on my ensures on an off the job, my communicative skills apply always been mediocre at best. In order to validate this, I will enrol in an online test courtesy of mindtools.com. My decision to choose this communication quiz was based on the depth of details it provided me upon completion of the quiz. The quiz had 15 questions which addresses each stage of the communication process.A add up interpretation was prov ided and also a detailed interpretation for improving my skills in each area. Based on my score interpretation, I am a capable communicator, but I sometimes experience communication problems. I need to take more time to think about my approach to communication, and focus on receiving messages effectively as much as sending them. The encoding part of the communication process was my weakest area. This showed that I have difficulty creating a pull in and well-crafted message which often leads to a communication gap. Communication gaps are frequently ca mappingd by misdirected, one-way, poorly time, or badly worded communications.In addition, some gaps result from misunderstanding, misinterpretations, and miscommunications. This part of the test re ally struck home because often during face-to-face communication with my teams I am unaware of how my communication is breakout up which can result in lack of interest in my teams attention and possibly communicating a message thats unclea r and misunderstood. up to now the test indicated that my online Communication was clearer and effectively delivered. I often use online communication as a secondary tool because way to often text messages and emails are taken out of context but it seems that this type of communication is more effective.To ensure that I communicate in the clearest, most effective way possible for work and future courses such as business communication and psychology I intend to seek additional training with my least proficient communication skills using the many services that Walden has provided such as The writing center, grammarly and the Walden Student Library. To aid me in my journey of better communication I plan to use the directions and opinions of my professors, classmates and employees.Writing SkillsWriting is a process as in all processes, there is a beginning, middle, and an end. The attitude in which we take toward writing creatively may cause problems in terms of how other writers perc eive ones writing skills. Not knowing what to write or how to write effectively is the start of the writers breakdown. In this section of my essay I will explain my need for strengthening the writing skills that I already possess and how I plan to use them to my advantage. Whenever Im faced with a writing project I become tense and stressed, ever since high school I have always suffered from writers block which is the inability to remember or think of some affaire you normally can do. In order to get pass this stumbling block I first have to clear my head of any thoughts that could clutter my writing.Its very hard to be expected to write clearly without having a clear mind. As my high school English would always say Dont blame the reader if he cant follow your writing. It is the writers job to convey his meaning to the reader, non the readers job to figure out what the writer is trying to express. While I have many strong points to my writing I possess weak areas as well, these ar eas of improve include introductions and conclusions, my introductions are not supportive enough and sometimes weak for my topics, my conclusions in my opinion are always weak, I think because after writing for so long I run out thing to say or support my topics. My goals for my future courses are to submit the perfect papers and earn all points possible, I plan to take advantage of all the resources that Walden has to offer in aiding my success as a student and professional.Time Management SkillsTime management is very important to academic and overall life success. Learning to manage your time effectively can be a headache for people that are trying to juggle work, school, and family life. For me it seems that there is just not enough time in the day to complete all of my tasks successfully. When it comes to effective time management it is important to possess skills and tools that will fit your personal lifestyle. I find it important to try every angle of time management until yo u determine which one will be most beneficial to you. In my experience with being a Wife, Mother, and working two fulltime jobs time management is a must have, it will aid in deleting some of the stress brought on by a crazy archive. Some improvements that I would like to put one over immediately include goal setting, creating a to-do list and organizing.I am the big businessman of procrastination and it is my ultimate down fall even though I am fully aware that for an individual to achieve his or her goals it is important that I develop a plan to carry out that goal, which in turn requires effective time management skills. Effective time management is something that will make or break an individual, not only in the academic setting, but also in life as well. According to an online tool Keys to Success Identifying personal time-related needs and preferences is the first step in developing an individualized time management plan. The best way to achieve this is to make up a schedul e that incorporates all necessary aspects of your life. This includes school, family, and work. Prioritizing and time saving methods are also recommended. I plan to utilize the practices provided by Keys to Success and my weekly assignment timelines for success in my future courses, home and work life.Referenceshttp//www.carterkeys.comhttp//www.mindtools.comCommunication in a Changing World 2006 Edition

GCSE English Coursework (Love Poems) Essay

Love is a common stereotypical subject for poets, which has been used for many centuries. The poems we have been examine contain a collection of emotions all based around the theme of love.John Clare used the impact of your get-go Love to create the public opinion of the effect being deathly ill. He creates images such as,Are flowers the winters choice? Is loves bed always snow?This shows me that although he really loves her, he cant have her and he is thinking that flowers dont stay forever when it turns winter and she doesnt love him.Also he says things equalMy legs refused to walk outdoor(a).This shows me that he is so astonished of what he is seeing, he cant look away and she is so beautiful he thinks he could have her.In comparison to this John Clare in like manner states that,My exhibit turned pale as deadly pale.Which also suggests that John Clares first experience of his First Love being some sort of illness.John Clare also creates the signature of your true love bein g forever blossomed as he says things likeHer face it bloomed like a sweet flower.Suggesting to us that the poet clearly states he loves her as he equivalences her to a flower and the symbolisms behind flowers are usually warmness and romance. The fact that she is a Sweet Flower emphasises her living beauty as being a perfect flower.John Clare proves to me that this woman, to him, is his dream woman as he states,Stole my heart away complete.This clearly shows me that the moment he set eyes on her, he gave his heart to her forever and when he power saw her he never wanted to be with anyone else ever again.At the climax of the poem it turns into a very sad ending, John Clare states that,My heart has left its domicile place and can return no more.And this makes me feel very sorry for John Clare as his first love experience is marked clearly to me as being something very sad and upsetting.In comparison to first love is Shall I Compare Thee? by William Shakespeare which is another cl assic example of love rhyme as it was usually used to show your emotions through songs or poems.Shall I Compare Thee? is a sonnet which reflects the mood of the poet. Its rhythm is iambic pentameter, having ten syllables to separately line.The structure of three quatrains and a rhyming couplet at the end,In the first quatrain Shakespeare presents a question and an answer to the reader, then in the second, he continues to compare this someone to a summers daylight, and not saying a summers day is not continuously beautiful.In the third quatrain it has a turning point with the word but, saying this person is described as superior to not only a summers day but to life-time itself.Finally in the ending couplet he talks about how this person immortally will last, through the ages in the poems lines.He uses personification in the line,And often is his gold complexion dimd.He shows me that he is attempting to compare another attribute of this person with something compared with summe r.It also uses a metaphor in the line,Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines.This shows me that even though he said that this person is beautiful sometimes they can be too beautiful.In the line,But thy eternal sommer shall not fadeShows me that a persons beauty will last for so many years after, and we are still reading it today.Porphyrias Lover is linked to My Last Duchess they are both written by Robert Browning and he connects them by his use of possessive words such as Mine and I. He sets off the background of a really bad, stormy night, which Vexes the lake which brings the poem to life as it makes the wind seem alive with anger, but this sets off questions in my head saying, why would Porphyria want to travel through stormy weather but to see an authoritative man?There is also the Gliding entrance of Porphyria as the strain changes from a gloomy, dark cottage to a warming feeling as she relights the fire and performs an erotic display of taking her wet, outer clothing o ff. The writers use of the words Withdrew and Let fall made the scene sound like a sexual tease.Porphyria comes up to the writer in this poem and offers him her bare shoulder He tells us that he does not peach to her. Instead, he says, she begins to tell him how she has come over to him in really bad weather just to be with him. He realizes that she Worships him and wants to preserve the moment forever so he strangles her, thinking that doing this she can stay with him forever and never leave him, but in doing this it makes me shudder as he says,I warily oped her lids again, laughed the blue eyes without a stain.This is making me feel like he is sort of playing with the dead body and making my original predicament of him as being a psychopath true.Then Robert Browning goes on to say,About her neck, her cheek once more, blushed bright beneath my burning kiss.This shows me that even though she is dead he thinks she can still feel love and passion and when he kisses her she still love s him.The writer in this poem is portrayed as a calculating villain who just stays in a passive stance as he Debates what to do, Being like this totally changes the atmosphere of the poem as the writer states,I found a thing to do, and with all her hair, in one long yellow string I smart three times her little throat around and strangles her.From this it doesnt sound like porphyria put up much of a struggle and when he said,That moment she was mine, mine, fair, perfectly pure and goodThis makes him sound like the grim reaper as he states that she is his and his alone.Robert Browning ends the poem in a unmatched way by saying that God agrees with what he has done because he hasnt said a word, this shows me that he acts like a crazy person as he thinks killing someone, God wouldnt care less and wouldnt say anything about it.My Last Duchess has a similar contrast of an egotistic nature as the duke portrays himself as a sycophant as he is back stabbing her by saying things about her, even though she is dead, to a person of a much lower class to him.By stating,Since none puts by the curtain that I have drawn for you, but I.Puts his face in a state of control this also links to when he says,Willt you please sit and look at her?Even though it has a question mark when you say it out loud you realise it sounds more like an order given to the servant.When he says,She ranked my gift of a nine-hundred years old name, with anybodys gift.This shows me that he is saying a nine-hundred year old title of the duchess made her think that she is very lucky and he is amazing, but when the duke sees her receiving cherries from a man of a lower class she had the same expression as she wasToo easily impressed she liked whateer, she looked on, and her looks went everywhere.As he belief that she was cheating on him and she loved every man that gave her a present but in actual fact she was being nice to everyone, even to those of a lower class to her.In this poem the duke is a boas ter, he likes to drop famous names of people into the subject to make him sound really important, like when he says,Fra Pandolf by design, for never read, strangers like you.As he drops a famous artists name into the conversation, he also shows yet another strong arrogant word as he says You like being something not worthwhile to speak to, or something that has come off the street as he speaks to this servant like a piece of dirt.After reading these poems, I have looked at the different qualities of Love and how it can effect people and their actions and how there is a fine line between love and hate, and in love, hate is just as strong.

Educating Rita and the Allegory of the Cave Essay

The ingest Educating Rita and the essay the Allegory of the Cave are ground on philosophical ideas and problems connected with personal development, education and understanding of the good life. Educating Rita and the essay the Allegory of the Cave portray personal development of people and enormousness of education, persistence and ticklish spurt crucial for success and self-determination. Thesis Both shits portrays that only self-improvements and education combined with personal values will spend a penny a unique genius able to obtain social status and understand the world.Educating Rita and the Allegory of the Cave discuss the role of persistence and hard work in education and reading. In the film, the main heroin would not be able to achieve success and change her personality without diligence and great liking to archive this success. Similar to the film, Plato portrays that persistence and desire to learn something new drive the personality. Thus, both works show that learning differences arise from contrasting motives and personal traits, different goals and life expectations of the characters.Socrates questions And when he remembered his old habitation, and the wisdom of the cave and his fellow-prisoners, do you not suppose that he would felicitate himself on the change, and pity them? (Plato). In this case, thinking and analytic thinking are the main tools which help the student to learn and develop new cognition. For learners, one of the first and most basic steps to master new knowledge is to develop strong skills through practice and cramming.The works portray that a unique personality is coined by education and learning, knowledge sharing and continuous practice. Educating Rita portrays that learning ensures that the knowledge is generated and perceived currently. Educating Rita portrays that every person can improve her knowledge and receives good education in spite of her class location and background. Similar to the films theme, Plato says Whereas our argument shows that the power and capacity of learning exists in the soul already (Plato).It is important to note that in contrast to many other students who work hard for many years but fail to achieve their dream, the film and Platos essay describe that learning can shape any personality in a short period of metre, but he/she needs long-life learning and education in order to to keep abreast of time and expend his/her knowledge. Both works, Educating Rita and the Allegory of the Cave discuss the important role of teacher and mentor in education and self-development. The role of the teacher is to motivate and scoff his pupil.In general terms, motivation in the pupil can be described as the direction and persistence of action. It is concerned with why people cull a particular course of action in preference to others, and why they continue with a chosen action, often over a long period, and in the face of difficulties and problems. The process of learning is clos ely connected with self-regulated learning. Plato comments He will then proceed to argue that this is he who gives the season and the years, and is the guardian of all that is in the visible world, and in a certain way the cause of all things which he and his fellows have been accustomed to behold? (Plato).In the film, this process is supported by strong personal commitment to work, life goals and hopes which have not come true. In contrast to the Allegory of the Cave in the film motivation is concerned, basically, with why Rita behaves in a certain way. Personal motivation and life goals have a direct and positive impact on her self-direct learning. Her motivation can be describes as urges, aspirations, drives and needs of human beings direct or control or explain their behavior.Symbolically, for prisoners light symbolizes truth while for Rita education becomes the light in her life. In sum, both works describe that our world views depend upon education, learning, and a teacher who supports and guides his pupil. Education is the first major step that increases personal values of everyone and creates new opportunities to travel along on the workplace. Learning is typical for people, because they see persistence and diligence as important qualities of a character and personal traits. Character Sketches Rita (Susan)Rita is a young (about twenty) working(a) class girl (hairdresser) who wants to improve her life and continue education. She is marriage but her husband is constantly against her education. From the start it is clear from her bad grammar that she has a less milled education than the other students. At the start she is simply the instrument of Frank. Later she seems to have some pity for him. One sign of Ritas development is her increase realization of how Frank cares about her. She is smart, brave and courageous to start a new life.To be so clear about ones bringing up is a step in overcoming it. At the end of the film she becomes persistent, dil igent and hard-working students. A diligent attitude to learning is the best way to prove that hard work and persistence can result in social recognition and high social status. Dr Frank Bryant Frank is a middle aged academic who achieved nothing in his life. He lack money and decides to teach working class students to earn for living. Frank combines the moral and social qualities of a serviceman.He is patient, pitying and kind. He inherits honesty he is a reliable and sensitive, clumsy and inaccurate person. In his love for Rita, he shows that he has none of snobbery or egoism. His courtesy is evident in his treatment of Rita and in the delicate way he corrects her manners. Frank is, above all, a loyal friend who actively helps Rita in her start out to change herself. Knowing how to work and motivate his pupils is one of the marks of a true teacher. Frank conforms to this ideal. His fine manners show that he is a gentleman at heart.

Dimensions Affecting Learning Acquisition of Cte Students in Sdssu-Lianga Campus

DIMENSIONS AFFECTNG LEARNING ACQUISITION OF CTE STUDENTS IN SURIGAO DEL SURSTATE UNIVERSITY, LIANGA CAMPUS A. Y. 2013-2014 A Research Proposal Presented to The efficacy of the College of Teacher Education Surigao del Sur State University Lianga Campus In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Research 1 By Mark Jason M. Blaya Jonas Christian S. Estor March 2013 CHAPTER I THE puzzle RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION The pattern of breeding skill of a child happened in dissimilar instances.His intelligence, attitudes, interest and desires down the stairslie the educative ( didactics- goldbricking) wait on. The acquisition of intimacy, constitution of habits, skills and his development of abilities and attitudes be lettered so that interpreting becomes more meaningful. The students capacity to learn varies, thus students stub be classified into fast, intermediate and slow learners. Some atomic number 18 high, mode enjoin or slow achievers. The above mentioned ty pes of learners need different conditions in acquiring learning.According to Gagnes Condition of Learning, learning sue is touched by two conditions, the internal and external conditions that both influenced the learning acquisition of a child (Lucas and Corpuz, 2007). Conditioning is a behavioral process whereby a response becomes more frequent or more predictable in a given environment as a turn up of reinforcement, with reinforcement typically being a stimulus or reward for a desired response (global. britannica. com) The proportionalitys that affect learning acquisition as determined by Kurt Lewin prevail inner and outside forces.Inner forces includes intrinsic motivation, feeling and attitude while the outer forces includes peers/classmates, classroom climate, and teachers behavior. Those forces play a vital fictional character on generating learning on the part of the students, because it book for determine the factors that influence most of the students in gaining in timacy. Learning is viewed as an experiential process resulting in a comparatively permanent change in behavior that cannot be explained by temporary states, maturation, or innate response tendencies (Lefroncois, 2007).Learning is the most part in education. It is an indispensable jut of both work wherein learning most occur and the one who is responsible for the process is the teacher. Learner agents are teachers they conduct, guide and encourage pupils to learn. They can help instigate these pupils development and advancement in learning. Students in early(a) hand would keep a stride to counterbalance the teachers role because learning is a-two way- process (Demasuay and Raza, 2013). The main goal of the teacher is to transfer learning.He should promote positive transfer of learning in classroom, guided with methods and techniques in teaching learning process. Transfer can be defined as a process of extending knowledge acquired in one context to some other context. (Byrnes, 2001). It is the most complex part of the teaching learning process because there are varied types of learning in a single classroom that needs different attention and approaches just to acquire knowledge. Thus, it is a role of a teacher on how he lead make adjustments to make the learning process more meaningful. The teacher plays a vital role in the transfer of learning.It is said that the aim of teaching is to promote and produced desirable changes in behavior which will carry over into sunrise(prenominal) situations. If the teacher lacks knowledge, how could he facilitate learning? The teacher serves as foundation of learning therefore, it is significant for him to know the character of techniques play in implementing and refining principles for effective deliberation of knowledge to his learners. The teacher may know many things and be ready to teach his pupils, but he will have little success on his barter unless he has knowledge of the headland of his pupils and knows wh at goes on there.Through this admit, the factors that affect learning acquisition of CTE students will be measured, and those measurements will serve as the baseline information for the faculty in the College of Teacher Education program on what teaching approaches suited to the varied learners in each program of study. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The purpose of the study is to find out the dimensions affecting learning acquisition of CTE students in SDSSU-Lianga Campus. The study aimed to answer the following problems 1.What is the profile of CTE students of SDSSU-Lianga Campus when grouped according to 1. 1 get on 1. 2 Sex 1. 3 Civil Status 1. 4 Program of Study 2. To what point do the College of Teacher Education students manifests the indicators along dimensions that affect learning acquisition. 2. 1 Self- motivation 2. 2 Feelings 2. 3 Attitude 2. 4 Peers/ classmates 2. 5 Classroom Climate 2. 6 Teacher Behavior 3. Is there a significant difference in the dimensions that affect learning acquisition of the College of Teacher Education student ofSDSSU-Lianga Campus when grouped according to question no. 1? NULL HYPOTHESIS in that location is no significant difference on the dimensions that affect learning acquisition of CTE students in SDSSU-Lianga Campus when grouped according to age, sex, civil status, and program of study. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE call for This study is anchored on the following theories. 1. Theory of Conditioning * This theory states that the process of learning consist of the acquisition of the new ways of reacting to stimuli developed through attaching new stimuli to established modes of behavior. . 1. Classical Conditioning * This is based on the experiment conducted by Ivan Pavlov a Russian psychologist on the reaction of the dog, who postulated that conditioning consists of eliciting a response by means of a previously neutral or inadequate stimulus. Principles under Classical Conditioning 2. 2. 1. Adhesive Principle a respo nse it attached to every stimulus. For every stimulus there is always a response. 2. 2. 2. Excitation also known as the law of acquisition. It occurs when a previously neutral stimulus gains the top executive of eliciting the response. . 2. 3. Extinction also known as unlearning and occurs when the conditioned response is no longer elicited by the conditioned stimulus because the conditioned stimulus is a great deal presented without the paired stimulus. 2. 2. 4. Stimulus generalization This happens when the Conditioned response is also elicited by other stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus. 2. 2. 5. Spontaneous recovery This happens when a conditioned response which does not appear for some time but re-occurs without need of further conditioning. . 2. Operant Conditioning Theory based on the experiment conducted by Burrhus Frederick Skinner upon a hungry rat. He believed that since an organism tends in the future to do what it was doing at the time of reinforcement, o ne can train that organism any by presenting him a reward or punishment as a consequence of his actions. Feedback Principle states that an organism responses maybe reinforced by presentation or removal in other words, rewards and punishments. 2. Vector and topological Theory Basically, this is derived from the terms vector which means a quantity that has magnitude and direction and topology which is c one timerned with properties of nonrepresentational configuration which are unaltered by elastic deformations. As a Learning theory, it was advanced by Kurt Lewin and states that an individuals exist on a field of forces within his environment that move, change and give him a degree of stability and substance or define his behavior. The behavior of an individual is a result of forces operating simultaneously within his environment and career space.CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The focus of the study is to determine the dimensions that affect learning acquisition of CTE students in SDSSU-Lia nga Campus. The variables that will be used on this study are separate, moderator and dependent variables. The ceremonious diagram of this study is presented in figure 1. Dependent shifting faculty member Achievement And good Instruction Independent Variable Dimensions affecting Learning Acquisition Inner Forces 1. Intrinsic /self-motivation 2. Feeling 3. Attitudes outside Forces 1. Peers 2. Classroom Climate 3.Teachers Behavior Moderator Variable CTE STUDENTS PROFILE 1. Age 2. Sex 3. Civil Status 4. Program of study Fig. 1. 1. Paradigm of Independent, Dependent, and Moderator Variables on the Dimensions that affects learning acquisition of CTE students. Shown in figure 1 is the schematic diagram of the study. It is composed of the eldest box contains the independent variables of which it comprises the dimensions that affect learning acquisition of CTE students. As determined by Kurt Lewin, Learning acquisition of the students has inner and outer forces.Inner forces include i ntrinsic motivation/self-motivation, feelings and attitudes while the outer forces comprise the peers/classmates, classroom climate and teachers behavior. The above stated dimensions affects the learning the acquisition of a child, each forces trigger the childs determination in acquiring knowledge. Intrinsic Motivation/self-motivation . Internal motivation is a desire from within to line up knowledge. Therefore, Artelt (2005233) states that intrinsic learning incentives possibly reside within the learner. This can be attributed to striving towards self-actualization.According to Herington and Weaver (2008124), their study showed that engaging in group projects suggested that intrinsic factors may have encouraged students to engage in activities at different times, indicating the possibility that in the flesh(predicate) factors and social styles affected adopted learning approaches. Feeling in this dimension the learner is conditioned in consonance to what feeling he possess tow ards learning, it is influenced by the peers/classmates, teacher and classroom environment. Attitudes in this dimension the learner himself generate knowledge through his behavior, experience and determination to learn.Peers/ classmates in this dimension the learning acquisition of a child is being influenced by the people around him who has equal esteem him as to socio-economic class level, co-major, age, etc. or it is the assignment of students to help one another on a one-to-one basis in a itty-bitty groups in a variety of situations. Classroom Climate in this dimension the learner is being influenced by the classroom environment such(prenominal) as the concord of the chairs, ventilation, lighting, pictures posted, cleanliness and room accommodation.Teachers Behavior in this dimension the learning acquisition of a child is being influenced by the behavior of the teacher in facilitating the teaching learning process. The second box is the dependent variable which consider as response or the expected output of this study. It comprises the faculty member achievement of CTE students and Effective focussing for the faculty assigned on the said program of study. The third box is the moderator variable. It contains the age, sex, civil status and program of study.The broken line that is attached to the arrow from independent to independent variable signifies its influenced in achieving the second variable. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE discover This study aimed to determine the dimensions that affect learning acquisitions of CTE students in SDSSU-Lianga Campus, Lianga, Surigao del Sur. The result of this study hopes to returns the following. School Administrator the findings would help the administrators to innovate changes in line with the curriculum, instructional facilities and technological instructional availability.It may help also to evaluate whatever trainings, seminar and workshops inevitable to supplement the facultys development for effective constru ction of knowledge. For teacher the study would help the teacher to raise their awareness of those teaching techniques and methods that would congruence to the different dimensions affecting learning acquisition of the students. Through this proposed study the teachers will be able to facilitate the learning in an appropriate manner in accordance to what specific dimension do the students preferred most.For students the findings would help them to identify what dimensions of learning they excel in obtaining academic excellence and to determine how to cope up other dimensions to generate learning process faster resulting to the increase of their academic grades. Moreover, the findings would help the students modify their practiced attitudes towards learning into positive one, it is beneficial on their part because it will allow them to keep pace for whatever changes brought by the technology in the 21st century.For Librarian the study will serve as a germ material for the future investigators on the different dimensions that affect learning acquisition of the students. For Future Researchers the study would serve as the basis to conduct more researchers colligate to the proposed study. SCOPE AND LIMITATION The proposed study will be limited on the dimensions that affect learning acquisition of CTE students, first semester in the academic year 2013-2014. interpretation of TermsFor the purpose of clarification the following terms are defined as they are used in this study. The following terms are arranged alphabetically. Attitudes is a relatively enduring organization of beliefs, feelings, and behavioral tendencies towards socially significant objects, groups, events or symbols (Hogg &Vaughan 2005, p. 150) Behavior is the range of actions and mannerisms made by organisms, systems, or artificial entities in junction with their environment, which includes the other systems or organisms around as healthful as the physical environment.Dimensions as used in this study, the term is being referred to the factors that affect the learning acquisition of a child. Extrinsic motivation it refers to a motivation that plays an indispensable function when a learner is not yet intrinsically motivated to learn. It includes several factors such as rewards, incentives, praise or words of encouragements, approval of significantothers like parents, teachers, peers, etc. Feelings it refers to a naturalresponse of our thoughts and intentions. It is an affective state of consciousness, such as that esulting from emotions, sentiments, or desires. Peers/classmates it refers to the people who are equal in such respects as age, education or social class etc. Intrinsic motivation it refers to a motivation that is shown in the enjoyment of the activity itself and the inner convection of the learner that such things are the right things to do in order to realize a personal goal or a life dream. Learning Acquisition it refers to a process by which a stud ent gained knowledge in severalcontexts. Chapter II study of Related LiteratureForeign Educational services are often not tangible and are difficult to measure because they result in the form of transformation of knowledge, life skills and behavior modifications of learners (Tsinidou, Gerogiannis, & Fitsilis, 2010). So there is no commonly agreed upon definition of quality that is applied to education field. The definition of quality of education varies from last to culture (Michael, 1998). The environment and the personal characteristics of learners play an important role in their academic success.The school personnel, members of the families and communities provide help and support to students for the quality of their academic performance. This social economic aid has a crucial role for the accomplishment of performance goals of students at school (Goddard, 2003). Besides the social structure, parents involvement in their childs education increases the rate of academic success of their child (Furstenberg & Hughes, 1995). A number of studies have been carried out to identify and analyze the numerous factors that affect academic performance in dissimilar centers of learning.Their findings identify students effort, previous schooling (Siegfried &Fels, 1979 Anderson &Benjamin, 1994), parents education, family income (Devadoss& Foltz, 1996), self-motivation, age of student, learning preferences (Aripin, Mahmood, Rohaizad, Yeop, & Anuar, 2008), class attendance (Romer, 1993), and entry qualifications as factors that have a significant effect on the students academic performance in various settings. The utility of these studies lies in the need to undertake corrective measures that improve the academic performance of students, specially in public funded institutions. The throughput of public-funded institutions is under scrutiny especially because of the current global economic downturn which demands that governments improve efficiency in financial resource all ocation and utilization. Although there has been considerable cope about the determinants of academic performance among educators, policymakers, academics, and other stakeholders, it is generally agreed that the impact of these determinants vary (in terms of extent and direction) with context, for example, culture, institution, course of study etc.Since not all factors are relevant for a particular context, it is imperative that formal studies be carried out to identify the context-specific determinants for sound decision making. According to the study conducted by Jacqueline Korir (2012) learning was affected by change of facilities, environment, psychological adaptation and socio-economically. Local According to the study of Melrose A. Sali-ot in his study entitled Competencies of Instructions Its Correlation to the Factors affecting Academic Performance of Students on May 2011 he indicates five factors namely intellectual, physical, environmental, psychological and the teacher.H e found out that the most frequent factor is the intellectual and the least prevailing was the physical factor. CHAPTER III Methodology RESEARCH DESIGN Descriptive design particularly descriptive survey method will be used in this study. This survey method will determine the dimensions that affect learning acquisition of CTE students in SDSSU-Lianga Campus, Lianga, Surigao del Sur. RESEARCH LOCALE This study will be conducted at SDSSU-Lianga Campus, Lianga, Surigao del Sur.It is 107 kilometers aside from Butuan City, the heart of the Timber Corridor of the Philippines and 89 kilometers from Tandag, the Seat of Governance of the SDSSU System. DETERMINATION OF THE SAMPLE SIZE NV + Se2 (1-p) NSe + V2p(1-p) To determine the sample size, the researchers consider the entire population of the respondents (CTE Students) enrolled in the first semester of the academic year 2013-2014. The total population of the respondents is 169 as shown in table 1. To compute for the sample size of this s tudy the below written formula will be used. Ss. =Unrestricted random sampling will be used to get samples for the respondents population (CTE Students), wherein each CTE students has equal chance of inclusion body in the sample. Lottery techniques will be used in getting samples. To draw a sample, each individual in the population will be given an assigned number which is written on a piece of paper that will be rolled thoroughly on the box once at a time. The computed sample size of the population is 130 out of 169 students in teacher education program. The researcher will select 130 text file on the box and those selected papers will consider as the respondents of this proposed study.The computation of the sample size is shown below. NV + Se2 (1-p) NSe + V2p(1-p) Ss. = Given N = 169 V = 2. 58 Se = 0. 01 P = 0. 50 169 (2. 58) + (0. 01)2 (1-0. 50) 169 (0. 01) + (2. 58)2 (0. 50) (1-0. 50) Ss= 436. 02 + 0. 00005 1. 69 + 1. 6641 = 436. 02005 3. 3541 = = 129. 996 Ss = 130 SAMPLING DE SIGN AND TECHNIQUE Unrestricted random sampling and lottery techniques will be used in this study. RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY The students of the College of Teacher Education of SDSSU-Lianga Campus, Lianga, Surigao del Sur enrolled during first semester A. Y 2013-2014 will be the respondents of the study.The researchers will accumulate the master list of the students on the said semester and academic year from the SDSSU- Registrar wherein the study will be conducted and will be arrange according to year level. Distribution of the respondents is shown in table 1. Table 1 distribution OF RESPONDENTS YEAR LEVEL FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE PERCENTAGE 1st Year 45 34. 615 2nd Year 35 26. 923 3rd Year 30 23. 077 fourth Year 20 15. 385 TOTAL 130 100 THE RESEARCH INSTRUMENT The researcher will use the questionnaire for gathering information to determine the dimensions that affect learning acquisition of CTE students in SDSSU-Lianga Campus.The questionnaire as designed by the researcher will inclu de stops from books, completed researches, and websites. The questionnaire consists of two parts. Part I will aim to gather information of the respondents profile as to age, sex, civil status and program of the study. Part II will deal on the dimensions that affect learning acquisition of CTE students along the following Inner forces which comprises self-motivation, feeling, and attitude and for outer forces, it consist of peers/classmates, classroom climate and teachers behavior. VALIDATION OF THE INSTRUMENTThe first draft of the questionnaire will be submitted to the researchers adviser for correction and suggestions. Several changes will be made. The revised form will then undergo reliability visitation through better half method. The questionnaire will be divided into two (2) halves, odd and even items. The result is reliability coefficient for a half test, the reliability coefficient of a whole test is estimated by using the Spearman Brown formula. This formula is as follow s. rwt = 2 (rht) 1 + rht Where rwt = reliability of a whole test rht= reliability of the whole test. Table 2 RELIABILITY TEST COMPUTATIONStudents Scores Rank D D2 Odd Even Ro Re 1 80 76 2 3 -1 1 2 66 60 18. 5 25. 5 -7 49 3 68 78 15. 5 5 10. 5 110. 25 4 73 79 6. 5 1 5. 5 30. 25 5 69 70 13. 5 13 0. 5 0. 25 6 72 73 9 8 1 1 7 59 54 27 28. 5 -1. 5 2. 25 8 64 70 22. 5 13 9. 5 90. 25 9 66 73 18. 5 8 10. 5 110. 25 10 55 55 28 27 1 1 11 50 54 29 28. 5 0. 5 0. 25 12 75 74 3. 5 5 -1. 5 2. 25 13 68 69 15. 5 15. 5 0 0 14 69 68 13. 5 17. 5 -4 16 15 81 78 1 2 -1 1 16 70 73 12 8 4 16 17 73 71 6. 5 10. 5 -4 16 8 64 65 22. 5 22. 5 0 0 19 64 67 22. 5 20 2. 5 6. 25 20 64 63 22. 5 24 -1. 5 2. 25 21 63 65 25 22. 5 2. 5 6. 25 22 75 74 3. 5 5 -1. 5 2. 25 23 61 60 26 25. 5 0. 5 0. 25 24 72 70 9 13 -4 16 25 72 67 9 20 -11 121 26 65 67 20 20 0 0 27 71 69 11 15. 5 -4. 5 20. 25 28 48 52 30 30 0 0 29 67 71 17 10. 5 6. 5 42. 25 30 74 68 5 17. 5 -12. 5 156. 25 Total 820 rht = 1- 6? D2 N3 N = 1 6(820) 30 3 30 = 1 4920 27,000 30 = 1- 4920 26970 = 1 0. 1824249 = 0. 82 rwt= 2 (rht) 1+ rht = 2 (0. 82) +0. 82 = 1. 64 1. 82 = 0. 90 The reliability coefficient of the whole test is 0. 90, the perfect coefficient for the test to become reliable is 1, thus the resulted computation which is 0. 90 is accepted reliable. DATA GATHERING modus operandi Having found the questionnaire valid and reliable the researcher will secure written permit from the Campus Director of SDSSU-Lianga Campus to allow researcher to conduct the study. Once the permit has been ratified by the Campus Director, the researcher will administer the questionnaire to 130 CTE students. Data gathering will employ questionnaire.Descriptive survey method will be used in the study to determine the dimensions that affect learning acquisition of CTE students. The data that will be gathered will be tabulated, treated statistically, and subjected to analysis and interpretation. The interpreting the data the following measurements will be used. Mean ValuesDescription 3. 50 4. 00Always 2. 50 3. 49Sometimes 1. 50 2. 49Rarely 0. 05 1. 49 Never QUESTIONNAIRE PART I PERSONNAL DATA Name _____________________________________________________ SexMaleFemale Age 16-18 19-24 25-Above Civil StatusSingle MarriedProgram of StudyBSEd BEEd PART II Direction 1. Read each item carefully 2. At the end of each item are five choices, these choices are 4 Always 3 Sometimes 2 Rarely 1 Never 3. Check the appropriate column to what extent each indicators affects your learning acquisition. 4. Do not leave items unanswered. MOTIVATION 4Always 3Sometimes 2Rarely 1Never 1. I learn scoop out when I exert effort to find out wherefore I need to do a particular caper. 2. I learn shell when I reward myself when I worked. 3. I learn beaver(p) when I see to it that I give myself regular breaks from works. 4. I learn best when I am able to keep my concentration and does not let my mind drift away 5. I learn best when I have ways of dealing with distractions. 6. I learn best when I am uncoerced to do the work that I do not enjoy because I see to it that it is important. 7. I learn best when I go to tutorials to improve my school work. FEELINGS 1. I learn best when I feel to study with no worries. 2. I learn best when I feel to read books with good of import content. 3. I learn best when I feel the ambiance inside the classroom discussion. 4. I learn best when I feel that my classmates cooperate well in the classroom discussion. 5. I learn best when I feel that my teacher enjoy what she teaches and makes the discussion more lively. 6. I learn best when I feel to relax my mind before working any task. 7. I learn best when I feel that my classmates invest efforts in doing their works. ATTITUDES 1. I learn best when I ask assistance from my teacher when work is too difficult. 2. I learn best when I observed my classmates working tog ether with the task given by the teacher. 3.I learn best when my teacher give comments to my work as feedback. 4. I learn best when my teacher give me the topic in advance for the next session. 5. I learn best when I make a list of valuable references with bibliographic details, page number of quotes and so on. 6. I learn best when I re-write my notes and highlight it. 7. I learn best when my classmate re-explain the topic to me in a short generalized form. Outer forces PEERS 1. I learn best when I discuss work assignment. 2. I learn best when I share resources with other students. 3. I learn best when I ask questions and generally take part in group discussion. 4. I learn best when I listen out for key ideas when psyche is talking. 5. I learn best when I am listening to someone, and I try to anticipate what he will say next. 6. I learn best when I study in a group. 7. I learn best when my classmates teach me personally the lecture. CLASSROOM CLIMATE 1. I learn best when the chairs are arranged in such a way that I can easily move with-out unnecessary disruptions. 2. I learn est when the room is well-lighted and ventilated. 3. I learn best when I can see the teacher clearly in the front. 4. I learn best when the classroom is wide enough to allow me to move during activities. 5. I learn best when the seat arrangement is flexible. 6. I learn best when there is no picture or any other fixture that distracts my attention. 7. I learn best when the room is well cleaned and free from any sort of dirt. TEACHERS BEHAVIOR 1. I learn best when my teacher approach me if I had understand the topic. 2. I learn best when my teacher talk with a lot of facial expressions. 3. I learn best when my teacher gives me enough time to do my work. 4. I learn best when my teacher give a quiz right after the discussion. 5. I learn best when my teacher gives m e new work to do when I am ready for it. 6. I learn best when my teacher takes hard lessons in shrimpy steps. 7. I learn best when my teacher tells me where I can find more information to help me learn about lesson.

Easy Jet( Airline company) e-marketing strategies Essay

Founded in the year 1995 favourable Jet has been a very fast suppuration company. In the year 1998 they sold their first seat through the internet and as of now al intimately 98% seats be sold online. This has imbibe Easy Jet one of the foremost in the internet retailing. One of the foremost reasons the company went online is because it wanted to reduce and distribute costs. According to EasyJet.com (2008.a), the concept entirely overview gives a overview of their e- market strategy, they be as follows Reduction and distribution of costs which includes setting up their booking centres and manual labour. No tickets during travel. An email containing the booking reference itself is enough to placard a plane. The further reduces tasks and costs of issuing, distribution, processing and reconciliation of tickets for every year. All operations are paperless thereby making the internet all the more dish upful for other businesses such as management and administration purposes.Mc G overn.G (2004) mentions that the e-marketing strategy needs to be logical must gift substance and needs to have a lot of textual matter. In general it has to be useful.The main reason for its success is eCommerce and the way it has been used as a dismantle of their business plan. The main reason for Easy Jets e-strategy was that the company wanted to scale down its call centre operation and sell most of their tickets online (2001). The use of the website has made their fledges even cheaper when compared to their competitors.EasyJet.com (2008.b), gives an overview of the different ways that the internet is being used and how the customers are being benefited, Customers who book online receive discounts for each leg of the journey. They make it a point to put up all cheap flights online. Customers can search flights by fares and also view cheap flights that are available over two weeks. Customers can make their bookings online. Make any flight transfers, name changes and can reques t duplicate confirmations by email. Customers can also reschedule their flight bookings. The website also offers online check in for its passengers. The customer also has the option of selecting Speeding boarding which will enable the passenger to board the flight before all the other passengers. There are exclusive promotions for customers who are booking online.E-strategy is aimed at selective targeting of customer groups for promotions. According to Chaffey.D (2007) e-marketing strategy includes Segmentation and Targeting. Online customers are from different demographic locations, their needs and even behaviours are different. So the same e-strategy needs to be able to mould itself to specific requirements of the customer. Differentiation and Positioning. It is also important that the online harvest-festival gives grant value for money. Competitors will have different value propositions and Easy Jet will have to be able to meet.Based on this some of the recommendations are as f ollows, The customer base needs to be expanded, by giving the customer more promotional benefits of online booking. E-marketing should not be seen as the sole marketing strategy but must be integrated as a part of the bigger marketing plan for the company. Enhance the experience of online booking by offering benefits, advantages and promotions. Make online booking a priority not a necessity. As they will have to retain the customer base of internet users as well as non-users. Need to start tie ups with other airlines so that they can expand into other countries. Their strategy needs to be able to shroud and adopt to competition of airlines and new business models strategies of other companies which may or may not include e-strategy. The service of handling customer complaints and feedbacks should be efficaciously managed. So that feedbacks are positive and the complaints received are as minimal as possible. They should also have a plan in place if pretentiousness occurs and if pr ices of products are affected. They need to be prepared with alternatives and substitutes. Change in political regulations and governments policies should have no or else minimal effect on the functioning of Easy Jet and its low prices. Easy Jet also needs to be environment friendly on and off air. They need to introduce their booking work by taking the technology of the internet to areas that do not have the facility.There are various kinds of e-tools that can be used on the internet. both(prenominal) of the e-tools used by Easy Jet are listed below, Websites so that customers can surf through the pages and book, cancel or transfer flights. E-commerce to enable bookings online.There are other tools that are not being used by Easy Jet and these are listed as follows, Email. So that customers can have their on personalized Easy Jet email id for a more personals online service. No chat and messenger service. A customer support executive can be online to help and guide the customer through the process of making transactions or else to assist in answering queries. Communities and forums. These can help the customers to interact with other customers thereby enabling the company to understand and evaluate its services and customer satisfaction ratio. The website can also include videos and sound clips to help customers who are physically change to still be able to use the internet to make bookings.Dr Chaffey.D (2008) suggests that there needs to be some core framework for assessment and that should include the product details, price competencies, introduce e-commerce transactions across different sites and promotions. This will then keep the customer in the virtual world as happy as in the real world. Easy Jet has a very has a very good future ahead but only if it can bear away up on some recommendations to better itself in the long run.

Team Leading

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS M2. 04 DEVELOPING THE WORK TEAM Learner name Learner registration number UNDERSTAND THE constitution OF TEAMS AND THE FEATURES OF TEAM ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES INCLUDING THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 1. How does a team differ from a group? Give 3 examples of the differences. (3 marks) hell 2. Leading the team is an important team role. Briefly get word 2 other roles that members of a team might fill using a recognised model (2 marks) . Describe the 4 stages in team ripening (4 marks) R6434c v2 13. 01. 11 4. Briefly describe 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages for an organisation of using teams to organise people to produce goods and services. (4 marks) KNOW HOW TO IDENTIFY TRAINING NEEDS OF A GROUP OR TEAM AND HOW THOSE NEEDS MAY BE MET 5. Explain briefly why an organisation might want to carry out a Training Needs Analysis of its employees (4 marks) R6434c v2 13. 01. 11 6.State 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of each of the following ways of training your team a. Going on a 1 day training course away from the workplace b. Having a trainer come in and train them in the workplace c. You coach them individually in the workplace (6 marks) make out marks available for unit M2. 04 (23) Marks required to pass 12 + VLA decision Total Marks Total 50%+ overall Outcome (mark as applicable) PASS FAIL Section fail if applicable Name of VLA Assessment date R6434c v2 13. 01. 11

Media Law Privacy: A study on its impact on journalists in HK

Great Britain was a powerful empire back in the days. It boasted of large areas of lands she colonized and conquered with territories ranging from the Americas to the further eastward and the pacific. For so m both years England has conquered these territories and left a considerable influence on their cultures, such as newspapers and the media. Two of the best examples of these territories would be Hong Kong in the Far East and Australia in the pacific.IntroductionThese dickens countries were once the colony of the most powerful agricultural back then the British conglomerate. But now as the clip would have it, the two were given their independence by Britain, Australia in 1939 and Hong Kongs turnover to the Chinese Government in 1997. Now you may ask, what is the significance of the sometime(prenominal) activities of these two countries in relation to their media laws? Lets look on how www.asiawind.com describes the difference. First, both have considerable influences from Britain in the freedom of persuadeion, the media for example, and the former(a) laws that go by it. Second, the turnover to two different cultures sets the difference for their journalism and media laws. The second reason will be discussed in detail in the next few paragraphs.When Britain give over Hong Kong to china in 1997, the pre-colonial journalism style was different. Journalists were given affluent access to whatever news they can go into, in short full independence on the freedom of speech. The post colonial diary keepers now have a dilemma in their hands. With the pre colonial freedom that theyve lie withed now partly gone, its almost impossible for them to write something which may be of raging influence or may be detrimental to many authorities or the mainland politicians will come up to as propaganda against them. It would then be taken to assumption that there had been evidences with regard to invasion of their concealment or political plans (Workshop).Media natu ral law in Hong KongIn a look back taken from the site of Media Law as adhered to by the government, such is evident that disclosing private issues if will not be detrimental to ones health or precaution or for a persons well-being, its better to let the persons concerned or organizations know. Given such standpoint, in this case I think the Chinese Central Party will disagree with me. Considering the fact that any leak into the private affairs of the big bosses there and may be in fact, be detrimental to their health if the media will get their hands on it (Inmedia).Most of the news that go against the tide of the mainland politicians will either be ignored or a big possibility will not be published at all by China News Agency, the news agency that is controlled by the Chinese Mainland communist party. The above mentioned is indeed a big difference on the media styles, laws and accepted freedoms that are practiced back in the days of the British Empire controlling Hong Kong. Cer tain news whether be beneficial to the communist party could either be not published for the sake of secrecy laws that are obligate by the communist party. Hence, Secrecy laws which are based from the interests of the ruling party in Mainland China.Hong Kong media as seen from the eyes of its neighboring countries and the world reflect somewhat a negative view. Media in Hong Kong is the under(a) the re urge onive arms of the Chinese mainland. The journalists in Hong Kong have to bear with the overly protective policies of the mainland. But the re wringion that the journalists go through in Hong Kong puts them in a somewhat feisty approach towards expressing their views and puts them in a delicate political situation. In terms of expression, the privacy laws and policies that the mainland imposes indirectly on to the journalists possess a different view and approach to a media that others may think is in dire need of air from an already snug squeeze from the mainlands hands.Howeve r, media in Hong Kong still give some respect to the big bosses in the mainland. Prior to the turnover in 1997, the central party was utilise to the distinctively quiet atmosphere of the media there. Now as the feisty and active reporters of Hong Kong are becoming often aggressive in bringing out the truth, in reference to Taiwan, they do still maintain a high level of respect for the put forwards privacy laws in expressing views over the issue.Media Laws in AustraliaThe media laws of Australia on the other hand, propose and show a different approach to how the state allows its journalist to practice their crafts. State laws passed by the House of Commons states that it allows journalists to practice under such media regulations, freedom of speech and other policies that follow governing laws. In terms of privacy, the state does allow journalists certain protocols in regard to privacy ((OLDP)).Take for example, state provisions that allow foreign nationals to take certain control of certain percentages of media institutions. It does in a way grant private or corporate individuals to express the freedom of speech. The freedom must be exercised according to state laws and specifically, privacy related. The state itself does value the freedom to exercise that right but it has to coincide with certain ethics just to make sure that no privacy issue will be exposed that may be detrimental to ones or an organizations well being.True that such freedom exercised in Australia has pointed out and brought great deal of scandals and corruptions hiding within the bureaucracy. If we look at the past, the Australian press has served their country well. Corruptions and misbehaviors from both the private sector and the government have been brought up by investigatory journalists in response to needs of the people to know what is going on and their mission to bring out press freedom to a higher level of information dissemination. As a matter of fact, this sort of freedom allow s investigative reporters to practice press freedom to a much higher extent. But certain detail have to be polished first before any publication gets out exposing such private issues which investigative journalists may deem necessary to let the public know.Complications in PressCertain hindrances may affect Australian press freedom. Take for example, the Trade Practices Act, which in a much broader sense is likely to be violated with the inclusion of press and cross- media ownership puts the credibility of Australian press on the line. With a lot of publications competing for sales in the Australian market. With various highly unlikely that the freedom may be jeopardize as more than publications may go a bit extreme to bring out privacy related issues in the news for the sake of creating a stable touch in the market (Smartt).Moreover, the degrading factor that some laws come in a variation of issues that rise in the field of obscenity, regional censorship and the other media rest raints imposed by the laws crafted by the legislating individuals. Aside from that it had been noted that consequently, one of the most striking deprivation of Press Freedom are the extent of regulations locomote on the surface of morality. This then stresses the standpoint that there had been certain instances wherein the Media advocates believe that the skill they have acquired for the pursuance of such projects in disseminating information to the contemporary parliamentary procedure is stringed on the desires of those who are in office (Tugendhat and Christie).ConclusionIn conclusion, I believe with all these facts brought up the privacy issues of the press between Hong Kong and Australia. In my view Australian journalists enjoy a more subtle freedom in expressing their views in relation to private issues as compared to Hong Kongs journalist who experiences a tight grip when it comes to details in press freedom. Culture differences, I also believe play a vital role in defining media privacy issues between these two countries journalists. The arena of media may be not of that which entails absolute freedom as well as with the point of divulging on the creativity of the aforementioned individuals. Thus, issues on privacy which were sought to be degrading in a form of nuisance and surveillance, is a point of fact that democracy is not well established in the society of today.References(OLDP), Office of Legislative Drafting and Publishing. Australian Communications and Media Authority Act 2005. ComLaw Federal Register of Legislative Instruments, 2005.Inmedia. IDEA 2007, 2007.Smartt, Ursula. Media Law for Journalists. Sage Publications Ltd 2006.Tugendhat, Michael, and Iain Christie. The Law of Privacy and the Media First Cumulative Updating Supplement. Oxford University Press, USA, 2004.Workshop, New Media. Hong KongInmedia. University of Hong Kong s Journalism and Media Studies Centre, 2007.

Opportunity Network Application Essay

The best-selling author and motivational speaker Roger Crawford once said, Being challenged in spiritedness is inevitable, being defeated is optional. I have encountered numerous obstacles in my life, but none were as knockout as learning my second language, English. When I moved to the United States in 2009, I k cutting no English. Thus, my atomic number 91 enrolled me into a bilingual school, hoping that I would learn English quickly with the help of Chinese-speaking teachers. Instead, all of my classmates spoke in Chinese and so I learned English much much slowly. By the time I entered high school, my relatively poorer English skills prevented me from doing homework efficiently and making friends. After half a year, my teachers detect how depressed I was. They helped boost my self-esteem by complimenting my academic achievement.That was when I realized I had strengths, too. I began striving for excellence, because I realized that my dedication and hard work would ultimately be recognized and rewarded. Gradually, more classmates talked to me and I began to feel like I belonged in my community. I am grateful for this challenge as it opened my heart and taught me to be determined. Not only do I like making new friends, I also like challenges. Even though some challenges bewitchm beyond my reach, I look at myself to do the best I can. I dont always succeed, but I see each challenge as a learning experience. I know that, as a Chinese proverb says, an intense storm is always followed by a beautiful rainbow.

Drama Monologue – Blame It on the Dreams

Ever wish you could control your dreams? You know, you go to sleep and dream rough w hatredver you necessity? Sometimes I think I could re totallyy FIX things if I could just dream them pay. I guess that sounds pretty stupid. Like last week I had this huge test in English. I really like English, merely in that locations so much to remember. I failed. And I know that stuff. Thats what makes me so mad. Who cares, right? Its just a stupid test. provided, heres the thing. The night in the beginning, I dreamt I passed the test. I got an A. I remember sitting at the table, and I knew everythingEvery vowel, every sentence, every character. They were all there. Floating around me like birds, or something. I didnt end up seeing the answers, however I remember corroborateting an A. Okay. Granted, there was a lobster sitting in the seat next to me, but it was a dream, remember. I heard about this thing called lucid dreaming. Youre meant to lie really close up for as long as you can unt il you fall asleep, or something. Well, that sounds way too hard. I mean, I cant sit still for five minutes, let alone lie still until I fall asleep. Sleep doesnt just happen.You get into your PJs, get into bed, get all snuggly and warm, and then your soul decides to turn itself on and shout, WOULDNT THIS BE COOL IF THIS HAPPENED. I WONDER WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF THIS HAPPENED, OR level off THIoh, you didnt want to sleep, did you? Yes, brain. Yes, I do. But, seriously, wouldnt it be cool to control your dreams? You could dream about, oh I wear upont know Marrying the richest person in the world and buying an island? Thatd be nice. Unrealistic. But, nice. You could lay there for hours and hours just thinking about what you want to dream about?I could try that? Pony, pony, pony, pony, pony, pony, pony, pony, pony, po oh, spat this. This wont work. What was I thinking? This is all because of that stupid test. I hate failure. I hate it. If still there was a way to guarantee that you d know the answers to every test you had to baffle in your life. I could cheat? No Gosh, what was I thinking? I cant cheat. I havent got a marker to write the answers on my stomach. *sigh* Stupid idea. I could get a marker? Argh Wrong again. Where on earth would I get a marker that only I could see?Thats a cool idea. I wish I could dream about that. I just wish I knew how to pass every single test ever. *sigh* cohere on What if I study? I could study for a few hours every night, the week before the test? Ha Its brilliant. I cant believe I never listened to my parents They were right I cant wait to get started. Ill start first thing tomorrow. I guess Ill never be able to control my dreams. Oh well. *turns around and looks at bed* Is that me? But Im me? How can I be laying there? Im so confused, whats going on? Wait Am I dreaming?

All About Blood Essay

1.) What is the significance of lower-than-normal hematocrit?Lower-than-normal hematocrit indicates genus Anemia. People with anemia do not have enough hemoglobin, which is the oxygen-carrying protein in red slant cells. Iron, B12, and folic acid deficiencies, any(prenominal) medications, and motherliness can cause anemia. There atomic number 18 withal more(prenominal) serious causes such as problems with the repellent system that cause destruction of red line cells earlier than normal, chronic diseases including kidney disease and cancer, and problems with bone c visualise of attention found in leukemia and lymphoma (MedlinePlusAnemia, 2012). What is the effect of a bacterial infection on the hematocrit?A bacterial infection, which raises white credit line cell counts, may affect the hematocrit by lowering it. 2.) Comp are the ripening of lymphocytes with the development of the other formed elements.Lymphocytes and the other formed elements are developed from pluripotent stem cells. The pluripotent stem cells bring forth myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells. Myeloid stem cells start and complete their development in red bone marrow squash and give rise to red blood cells, platelets, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, and monocytes. Lymphoid stem cells beget development in the red bone marrow, but some are completed in the lymphatic tissues, where they give rise to lymphocytes. The B cell lymphocytes are began and completed in the red bone marrow and the T cell lymphocytes begin in the red bone marrow, but they mature in the thymus gland (Jenkins, Kemnitz, & Tortora, 2010).3.) What is erythropoiesis?Erythropoiesis is the proceeds of red blood cells or erythrocytes. It starts in the red bone marrow with a proerythroblast. The proerythroblast divides more times and produces cells that begin to make hemoglobin. A cell near the end of the development cycle ejects its cell nucleus and then ricks a reticulocyte. Reticulocytes pass from red bone marrow into the bloodstream. Reticulocytes develop into erythrocytes with 1 to 2 old age after they are released from the bone marrow (Jenkins, Kemnitz, & Tortora, 2010). Which factors speed up and slow down erythropoiesis?Oxygen lack (hypoxia) detected by the kidneys increases erythropoiesis. This stimulates the kidneys to release more erythropoietin. It circulates through the blood to the bone marrow and speeds up the production of proerythroblasts into reticulocytes.Erythropoiesis slows down when there is sufficient oxygen delivery to the kidneys and tissues (Jenkins, Kemnitz, & Tortora, 2010). 4.) condone what would happen if a person with shell B blood were given a transfusion of symbol O blood.Type O blood carries neither antigen A nor antigen B and is known as the universal donor because of this. Therefore, there would be no negative reaction if a person with type B blood were transfused with type O blood (Jenkins, Kemnitz, & Tortora, 2010). 5.) During an anatomy and physiology exam you are asked to view white blood cells in prepared slides of standard charitable blood smears. Based on the observations below, what is the name and function of each WBC? a.) WBC has a speech rhythm nucleus surrounded by a blue halo of cytoplasm with no visible granules.These are lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells). Lymphocytes mediate immune receipts, such as antigen-antibody reactions. B cells develop into plasm cells, which then secrete antibodies. T cells attack viruses, cancer cells, and transplanted tissue cells. Natural killer cells attack a variety of infectious microbes and certain tumor cells. b.) WBC contains dense blue-purple granules that hide the nucleus.This WBC is a basophil and makes up 0.5-1% of the total WBCs. Where there is inflammation, basophils leave the capillaries. They enter tissues, and release histamine and heparin. These substances make inflammatory reactions greater and are involved in allergic reactions. c.) WB C has a U-shaped nucleus and a bluish, foamy cytoplasm with no visible granules.These are monocytes, making up 3-8% of WBCs. They migrate from the blood into tissues, enlarge, and then become macrophages. Some become fixed macrophages and live in a particular tissue, such as the lungs and spleen. Others become wandering macrophages and put together at infection and inflammation sites. They gather at infection sites in large numbers and phagocytize microbes. They also clean up cellular debris after an infection. d.) WBC contains small, pale lilac granules and a four-lobed nucleus.This type is a neutrophil and makes up 60-70% of WBCs. Neutrophils arrive at an infection site the quickest of all WBCs. afterward they ingest a pathogen, neutrophils release chemicals to destroy that pathogen. These chemicals include lysozyme, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorite. Neutrophils also contain defensins, which are a protein that poke holes in the membrane of the microbe and kills it. e.) WBC co ntains red-orange granules and a two-lobed nucleus.This is a sample of an eosinophil and they construe 2-4% of all WBCs. Eosinophils leave the capillaries and enter the tissue fluid where they release enzymes that combat allergic reactions. They also phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes and action parasitic worms. A high eosinophil count would most likely indicate an allergy or a parasitic infection (Jenkins, Kemnitz, & Tortora, 2010). 6.) Why would the level of leukocytes be higher in an individual who has been infect with a parasitic disease?A parasitic disease is a stressor in the body. It is a normal, protective(p) response for the number of leukocytes to increase in this situation because the blood is producing more leukocytes to fight the parasite. 7.) In regions where malaria is endemic, some people build up immune resistance to the malaria pathogen. Which WBCs are responsible for the immune system response against pathogens? How do they function?Eosinophils are the WBC responsible for immune system response against pathogens. Eosinophils leave the capillaries and enter tissue fluid where they release enzymes. They phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes and fight parasitic infections(Jenkins, Kemnitz, & Tortora, 2010).8.) What is the function of prothrombinase and thrombin in turnting? Explain how the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of blood clotting differ. The extrinsic pathway of blood clotting occurs rapidly, within a matter of seconds. A tissue protein called tissue factor enters into the blood from damaged tissue cells outside (extrinsic) blood vessels. Tissue factor then begins a series of reactions that lead to the institution of prothrombinase. The intrinsic pathway occurs more slowly, over the course of several minutes. The activators of this pathway are in direct contact with blood or contained within (intrinsic) the blood. Again, after a series of reactions, prothrombinase is formed.Once the prothrombinase is formed it converts proth rombin (a blood plasma protein formed by the liver) into the enzyme thrombin. Thrombin, together with calcium ions, converts fibrinogen to fibrin weave and activates a clotting factor that strengthens the fibrin threads into a clot. A positive feedback cycle begins with the formation of thrombin. Thrombin activates more platelets, which increases the release of platelet phospholipids, which then increases the formation of prothrombinase. Thrombin also directly accelerates the formation of prothrombinase. The additional amount of prothrombinase accelerates the production of thrombin. The positive feedback loop continues and the fibrin clot grows (Jenkins, Kemnitz, & Tortora, 2010).

Primary Health Care †Indigenous Australian Inequalities Essay

pageboy 1 The World Health Organisation (World Health Organisation, 2008) accedes that the indigenous peoples of Australia argon one of the most disadvantaged indigenous groups in the developed world. The wellness of the endemic cosmos of Australia is an progressively pressing issue. Current research and statistics reveals great ine spirit in numerous studys of wellness guard and wellness status between the key people and the general population of Australia.Couzos and Murray (2008, p.29) report that the autochthonal population has the trounce health status of any identifiable group in Australia, and the poorest admission price to health systems. This paper ordain examine the belowlying historical contexts and contributing factors that have lead to the original disparity between the health of the autochthonal Australians and non- endemic Australians. Further much, the high prevalence of chronic health issues such as diabetes will be analysed and biotic community he alth initiatives that are withdrawed or currently be enacted will be identified.Many reasons for the current appalling state of health and wellbeing of the Australian indigene people can be explained by examining their late history to the devastating impacts of colonisation, genocidal policy, loss of land and years of oppression. These several hundred years of heathen destruction, dispossession and tender and semipolitical upheaval have progenyed in generations of trauma and grief (Burke, 2006, para. 4).As report by Forsyth (2007, p.35-36), government policies enacted towards the indigenous population in the early 20th Century were concerned in the first place with protection and segregation, as the prevailing attitude of the time was that the indigenous people were largely inferior and were futile to care for themselves. Forsyth continues to explain of the injustice created by the New South Wales parliament with the Aborigines Protection Act of 1909, in which e truly asp ect of their lives was governed, regulated and controlled (Forsyth, 2007, p. 36).Furtherto a greater extent the Indigenous people of this era were not able to quarter alcohol, own property, vote or cohabit with non-Indigenous people, and the state of their health was largely ignored out-of-pocket to the doctrine that they were a dying race. (Couzos et. Page 2 al. 2008, p. 3). Due to this essentially complete lack of health care, Forsyth let ons the Aboriginal people of the era living on the outskirts of larger towns as suffering from high rates of blindness, morbific diseases, bone diseases and sexually transmitted infections (Forsyth, 2007, p.36).The severity of these health issues was made worse by fear and suspect of the Aboriginal people towards hospitals and white people (Forsyth, 2007, p. 37). As the 20th Century progressed it became obvious that the Aboriginal population was not a soon to be extinct race as earlier thought, and new political policy calling for assimilat ion and integration reflected this change, though protectionist and segregationist policies re principal(prenominal)ed influential or continued until the mid-seventies (Couzos et.al. 2008, p. 4).In the 1960s attitudes of Australian society began to became more concerned for the wellbeing Indigenous people, with increase social conciousness and awareness spreading throughout the Western World. As a result of increasing political practise and demonstration, umpteen Aboriginals were forced off stations in 1966, causing a large movement of Indigenous people to more urban areas such as Redfern (Couzos et. al. 2008, p. 7).This sudden increase in numbers highlighted the deficiency for proper health care and serve, with the first Aboriginal health service established in 1971. passim the 1970s an increase in research and reporting of Aboriginal health resulted in many state and commonwealth reports all with the same conclusion, that the health status of Aboriginal communities was appal ling and that there was great need for increased priority, increased resourcing, better coordination, and increased Aboriginal community participation and control (Couzos et. al. 2008, p. 10).However very little exploit was taken until the 1990s2000s where relevant political policy was brought in and funding made addressable for Aboriginal health services, though they mostly remain inadequately funded and Aboriginal health care is calm down largely unrepresented and avoided by the Australian Government. The ongoing effects of racist and unjust political policy and action can in part explain current aspects of dysfunction and overall disadvantage that occurs in many Indigenous Page 3 communities today.Specifically this disadvantage is evident in many areas of community life, with Indigenous people being generally exposed to more seek factors for poor health than other Australians (Thomson, MacRae, Burns, Catto, Debuyst, Krom, Midford, thrower, Ride, Stumpers and Urquhart, 2010, para. 49). Examples of bump factors include social factors such as dispossession, dislocation and discrimination, educational factors such as poor schooling, resulting in much lower literacy and numeracy skills, economic factors such as lower income and higher unemployment, access code to good quality health care and GPs, and physical environmental factors such as poor and overcrowded housing.Together these disadvantages rear for a higher likelihood of poor lifestyle choices such as alcohol, tobacco and illicit do drugs use, a poor and unbalanced diet, obesity and a lack of regular exercise (Thomson et. al. 2010, para. 49, Couzos et. al. 2008, p. 79). Poor access to good quality health care is one of the key predictors for the prevalence of poor health in a community. There are very few GPs available in unlike locations, and as a result of no or little access to professional health care providers, these remote areas are susceptible to poor health awareness and knowledge.As repor t by Thomson et. al. (2010, para. 3), almost one-quarter of Indigenous people are classified as living in a remote area with very little access to goods and services or opportunities for social interaction. Couzos et. al. (2008, p. 18) also consider poor access to GPs as shown by a 2000-2001 survey of GPs. As reported, entirely 0. 8% of GP visits were by Indigenous people, though they make up 2. 6% of the general population. Furthermore, more than 70% of GPs did not see a single Indigenous person during the survey period.This under representation of the Indigenous population visiting GPs indicates a clear need for increased access to professional health care, and is just one factor of many which demonstrates the need for improvement in the health and wellbeing of the Australian Indigenous people. Page 4 Diabetes is a chronic metabolic power which can result in many major long term health complications such as stroke, kidney disease, blindness and greatly reduced life expectatio n (Allman, 2008, p. 80, Zeng, 2006, p. 73).Diabetes can be classified into three main types, with the second type, non-insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) the main form developed as a result of lifestyle factors. As reported by Thomson et. al. (2010, para. 2), NIDDM is currently one of the most important health problems for Indigenous populations across Australia, with only around half of those with the condition know they have it, and the proportion of affected Indigenous population estimated to be around 4 four times that of the general population.Couzos et. al. (2008, p. 525) expand that Aboriginal people are also significantly more likely to develop NIDDM at a much younger age, more likely to be hospitalised, and to die from associated complications. This over representation of diabetes in the Indigenous population is a result of their poor health status and education. Thomson et. al. (2010) report that many studies have linked high aims of obesity among Indigenous popu lations and high prevalence of NIDDM.The main factors linked to this high levels of obesity are the relatively recent accessibility of highly processed and sugary Western foods and drinks including alcohol and tobacco use, impaired glucose tolerence, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypertension, hyperinsulinaemia and a higher level of physical inactivity than non-Indigenous people (Thomson et. al. 2010). Diabetes prevalence is also linked to a lower socioeconomic status, and as previously examined, a high proportion of the Indigenous population suffer from many areas of disadvantage, which results in a lower socioeconomic status.As further explained by Thomson et. al. (2010) these effects are further aggravated by poor health promotion and knowledge, mental illness and stress, early emotional festering and social status, and recent trends indicate increasing development and prevalence of NIDDM. Clearly the Aboriginal population is exposed to many risk factors for diabetes and other chroni c conditions, and with increasing development trends, explains poor mortality rates and overall poor health status of their communities. Page 5.Community based programs are essential for the improvement of Indigenous health due to the close-knit nature of their culture and often remote location. This was begun in 2003 at national level with the development of The National Strategic Framework for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health, which targeted strengthening of health service infrastructure, accessibility to health services, and health promotion, most importantly the importance of balanced nutrition and regular exercise (Couzos et. al. 2008, p.522, Insel, Ross, McMahon and Bernstein, 2010, p. 653).Cribbes and Glaister (2007, p. 167) describe the importance of health promotion and awareness at the community level, with a focus on re-establishing more traditional food choices and encouraging traditional hunting skills. The traditional Indigenous diet is highly nutritious, b eing high in protein, low in fat and high in complex carbohydrates, and as considered by Cribbes et. al. (2007, p. 167) is an excellent way to protect against chronic conditions such as diabetes.However the majority of remote Indigenous peoples obtain their food from local instals, thus initiatives such as the Remote Indigenous Stores and Takeaway calculate were undertaken to establish minimum healthy consume standards and to educate store managers in nutrition. By empowering local store managers in this way, they are able to further educate the local schools and wider community in healthy eating (Cribbes. et. al. 2007, p. 167).As reported by the Dragon and Anderson (2011, p.28), Close The Gap (CTP) is another national level stir which has a carry on effect to the community level. CTP aims to resolve the disparity in life expectancy rates and health equality between Aboriginal Australians and the general population, and has been endorsed by federal and state governments. CTP foc uses on management of chronic conditions such as diabetes and follow up care. Management and awareness of diabetes is an essential percentage of improving health standards, and as King (2001, p.147-155) explains, Aboriginal people with diabetes commonly avoid mainstream health services for their health care.This mismanagement can lead to the development of diabetes related complications and greatly reduced quality Page 6 of life and life expectancy. On going strategies and studies identified the need for Aboriginal health workers to bestow community level care and health services for successful diabetes management (King, 2001). In conclusion, Aboriginal health standards have been of an appalling standard for many years due to racist policies, attitudes and in-humane treatment.The damage done and obloquy of their lives, families and cultures has only recently began to be repaired by collective efforts nation wide, with a unified goal of ego and community-empowerment, improvement of quality of life and living standards. With the expansion and ongoing deliverance of community focused solutions, many risks for ill-health and chronic conditions can be greatly reduced and the health status disparity between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians can in the future be eliminated. Page 7 References Allman, T.(2008) Genes & disease diabetes. New York Infobase Publishing. Dragon, N. and Anderson, K. (2011). Indigenous health. Australian Nursing Journal, 19(2), 24-8. Burke, S. (2006). Changing practices, ever-changing paradigms working effectively with Indigenous clients. Australian Psychological Society. Retrieved October, 5, 2011 from http//www. psychology. org. au/publications/inpsych/changing/ Couzos, S. & Murray, R. (2008). Aboriginal primary health care An evidence-based approach. South Melbourne Oxford University Press. Cribbes. M. and Glaister. K.(2007). Its not easy caring for Aboriginal clients with diabetes in remote Australia. Contemporary Nurse, 25 163-172. Forsyth (2007). Telling stories nurses, politics and aboriginal australians, circa 19001980s. Contemporary Nurse, 24(1), 33-44. Insel, P. , Ross, D. , McMahon, K. and Bernstein, M. (2010). Nutrition. Massachusetts Jones and Bartless Publishers. King, M. (2001). The diabetes health care of Aboriginal people in South Australia. Contemporary Nurse, 10(3,4), 147-155. Page 8 Thomson N, MacRae A, Burns J, Catto M, Debuyst O, Krom I, Midford.R, Potter C, Ride K, Stumpers S, Urquhart B (2010). Summary of Australian Indigenous health, 2010. Retrieved October. 6, 2011 from http//www. healthinfonet. ecu. edu. au/health-facts/summary World Health Organization. (2008). finale the Gap in a generation. Health equity through action on the social determinants of health. citizens committee on Social Determinants of Health Final Report. Retrieved October, 6, 2011 from http//www. who. int/social_determinants/thecommission/finalreport/en /index. html Zeng, Y. (2006). Longer life and h ealthy aging. Philadelphia Springer.